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Return-Path: <361530646000033415202-b23320-ca134b97147945ff9d389cc8310fdf6a@cd.gatesnotes.com> Delivered-To: cp099606@cpanel12wh.bkk1.cloud.z.com Received: from cpanel12wh.bkk1.cloud.z.com by cpanel12wh.bkk1.cloud.z.com with LMTP id MEFbFdWLVmW8MAUAjZbVWQ (envelope-from <361530646000033415202-b23320-ca134b97147945ff9d389cc8310fdf6a@cd.gatesnotes.com>) for <cp099606@cpanel12wh.bkk1.cloud.z.com>; Fri, 17 Nov 2023 04:38:29 +0700 Return-path: <361530646000033415202-b23320-ca134b97147945ff9d389cc8310fdf6a@cd.gatesnotes.com> Envelope-to: winzawmyohtet@umkn.edu.mm Delivery-date: Fri, 17 Nov 2023 04:38:29 +0700 Received: from gears217-32.email.clickdimensions.com ([135.84.217.32]:35682) by cpanel12wh.bkk1.cloud.z.com with esmtps (TLS1.2) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.96.2) (envelope-from <361530646000033415202-b23320-ca134b97147945ff9d389cc8310fdf6a@cd.gatesnotes.com>) id 1r3k48-001RVl-0B for winzawmyohtet@umkn.edu.mm; Fri, 17 Nov 2023 04:38:29 +0700 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; s=gears; d=cd.gatesnotes.com; h=Date:From:Reply-To:To:Message-ID:Subject:MIME-Version:Content-Type: List-Unsubscribe:List-Unsubscribe-Post; bh=Ifvcc5Wvi+iZLzIKmnwAGw+dPbFFZZuRk7R6nGiIN/o=; b=IMfDConJhklfB/fVDl6183IwiBj3B79l48hKCogqFv86ZM3vnuTkAlr9yxsG+QAUKyGdbBVsLgr+ xq5ZSxO35+ds3DP1lnkwTRhBtWWg2n0Fey55QyiOr6UdgLdq0PGwZ7qOjJHJ9UBAiGQayb3EGlZx /nzddjVVC/ujqvnqHG8= Date: Thu, 16 Nov 2023 16:37:39 -0500 (EST) From: "Bill Gates (via the Gates Notes)" <billg@gatesnotes.com> Reply-To: billg@gatesnotes.com To: winzawmyohtet@umkn.edu.mm Message-ID: <673845097.163234137.1700170659482@mta0201.messagegears.net> Subject: The science of AI with Yejin Choi MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_Part_163234131_2147024327.1700170659482" X-Original-To: winzawmyohtet@umkn.edu.mm List-Unsubscribe: <http://links.gatesnotes.com/list-unsub/uc/3/eyJhaSI6NjE1MzA2NDYsImUiOiJ3aW56YXdteW9odGV0QHVta24uZWR1Lm1tIiwicmkiOiJjb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyIiwicnEiOiIwMi1iMjMzMjAtY2ExMzRiOTcxNDc5NDVmZjlkMzg5Y2M4MzEwZmRmNmEiLCJwaCI6bnVsbCwibSI6ZmFsc2V9/5fOrUeo8tm4JOZN9ImDqkA>, <mailto:unsub-361530646000033415202-b23320-ca134b97147945ff9d389cc8310fdf6a@cd.gatesnotes.com> List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe=One-Click X-Spam-Status: No, score=0.5 X-Spam-Score: 5 X-Spam-Bar: / X-Ham-Report: Spam detection software, running on the system "cpanel12wh.bkk1.cloud.z.com", has NOT identified this incoming email as spam. The original message has been attached to this so you can view it or label similar future email. If you have any questions, see root\@localhost for details. Content preview: Gates Notes Insiders Newsletter [https://gatesnot.es/3sHGuQ8] The science of AI with Yejin Choi [https://gatesnot.es/3MLrojF] [https://gatesnot.es/3MLrojF] ByBill Gates [https://gatesnot.es/3MLrojF]| [...] Content analysis details: (0.5 points, 5.0 required) pts rule name description ---- ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -0.0 SPF_PASS SPF: sender matches SPF record 0.0 HTML_FONT_LOW_CONTRAST BODY: HTML font color similar or identical to background 0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message 0.5 KAM_REALLYHUGEIMGSRC RAW: Spam with image tags with ridiculously huge http urls 0.1 DKIM_SIGNED Message has a DKIM or DK signature, not necessarily valid -0.1 DKIM_VALID Message has at least one valid DKIM or DK signature -0.0 T_SCC_BODY_TEXT_LINE No description available. X-Spam-Flag: NO ------=_Part_163234131_2147024327.1700170659482 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_Part_163234133_741678286.1700170659482" ------=_Part_163234133_741678286.1700170659482 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_Part_163234135_1931662027.1700170659482" ------=_Part_163234135_1931662027.1700170659482 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Gates Notes Insiders Newsletter [https://gatesnot.es/3sHGuQ8] The science of AI with Yejin Choi [https://gatesnot.es/3MLrojF] [https://gatesnot.es/3MLrojF] ByBill Gates [https://gatesnot.es/3MLrojF]| November 16, 2023 I=E2=80=99ve spent a lot of 2023 thinking, reading, and talking about artif= icial intelligence. While some of its capabilities are shockingly impressiv= e, its occasionally baffling behavior poses lots of questions about the sci= ence behind it. How does it work? Why is it easier for machines to mimic hu= man thinking than human movement? Is the race towards larger AI models the = right approach, or are there better paths forward? And what=E2=80=99s next = on the horizon? To talk through these answers and more, I sat down with Yejin Choi for the = latest episode ofUnconfuse Me [https://gatesnot.es/3MLrojF]. Few people are= better at explaining the science of artificial intelligence than she is. S= he=E2=80=99s a computer science professor at the University of Washington, = senior resource manager at the Allen Institute for AI, and the recipient of= a MacArthur Fellowship. I thought her TED Talk [https://b-gat.es/3SENDvj]e= arlier this year was incredibly informative. I felt the same way after chatting with Yejin in person. Over the course of= our conversation, we talked about how to train a large language model, why= it=E2=80=99s so hard for robots to pick tools out of a box, and the role u= niversities should play in the future of AI research. Like all my previous = guests, she also brought a record to play=E2=80=94a song called =E2=80=9CVi= rtual Insanity=E2=80=9D (fitting for a back-and-forth on AI) that she used = to listen to while working for Microsoft in the early 2000s. I hope you=E2=80=99ll check this episode out. You can find it=E2=80=94and c= atch up on any episode of Unconfuse Me you might have missed=E2=80=94on Spo= tify [https://b-gat.es/3stfHY1], Apple Podcasts [https://b-gat.es/3G2Zr2V],= YouTube [https://b-gat.es/47jgcTu], or wherever you get your podcasts. Thanks for listening, and thanks for being an Insider. [https://gatesnot.es/3sHGuQ8] [https://www.facebook.com/BillGates/] [https://www.linkedin.com/in/williamhgates] [https://twitter.com/billgates] [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnEiGCE13SUI7ZvojTAVBKw] =C2=A9 2023 The Gates Notes LLC | P.O. Box 97000 Kirkland, WA 98083 | Unsubscribe [http://links.gatesnotes.com/uu/3/eyJhaSI6NjE1MzA2NDYsImUiOiJ= 3aW56YXdteW9odGV0QHVta24uZWR1Lm1tIiwicmkiOiJjb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMT= E4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyIiwicnEiO= iIwMi1iMjMzMjAtY2ExMzRiOTcxNDc5NDVmZjlkMzg5Y2M4MzEwZmRmNmEiLCJwaCI6bnVsbCwi= bSI6ZmFsc2V9/5fOrUeo8tm4JOZN9ImDqkA] ------=_Part_163234135_1931662027.1700170659482 Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang=3D"en"> <head><style type=3D'text/css'> span.preheader { display:none !important; visibility:hidden;line-height:0; = opacity:0; font-size:0.1px; color:white; height:0; width:0; } </style> <style type=3D"text/css"> span.preheader { display:none !important; visibility:hidden;line-height:0; = opacity:0; color:transparent; height:0; width:0; } </style> <title>Gates Notes Insiders Newsletter</title> <meta charset=3D"utf-8"> =20 <link href=3D"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=3DLusitana:400,700&di= splay=3Dswap" rel=3D"stylesheet"> <style gf-font-style=3D"'Lusitana script=3Dall rev=3D2':400">@font-face { font-family: 'Lusitana script=3Dall rev=3D2'; 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line-height: 32px; font-family: Georgia,Times,serif; f= ont-weight: 900; color:#000000; letter-spacing: -1.3px; padding: 20px 20px = 10px 20px;" bgcolor=3D"#ffffff"> <a href=3D"http://links.gatesnotes.com/= c/7/eyJhaSI6NjE1MzA2NDYsImUiOiJ3aW56YXdteW9odGV0QHVta24uZWR1Lm1tIiwicmkiOiJ= jb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMT= E4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyIiwicnEiOiIwMi1iMjMzMjAtY2ExMzRiOTcxNDc5NDVmZjlkMzg5Y= 2M4MzEwZmRmNmEiLCJwaCI6bnVsbCwibSI6ZmFsc2UsInVpIjoiMSIsInVuIjoiIiwidSI6Imh0= dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXNub3QuZXMvM01Mcm9qRj9fY2xkZWU9UndWVmh6TGRxSDNsLXN6Qm8ybUx0OS0= teXpaTG1BajVXejZBY29pZWl4UHlnRGRjQzBfTVRUUjRNTEZXY0hWbSZyZWNpcGllbnRpZD1jb2= 50YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4M= DJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyJmVzaWQ9YzRkYTQxODctYmM4NC1lZTExLTgxNzktMDAwZDNhMzY3NTE4= In0/GSt6zq3DBlWQ8SbpAGAeCw" style=3D"text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer= ;font-size: 36px; line-height: 38px; font-family: Georgia,Times,serif; font= -weight: 900; color:#000000; letter-spacing: -1.3px;">The science of AI wit= h Yejin Choi</a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> =20 <!-- Image NOT 100% centered 400High --> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%" styl= e=3D""> <tr style=3D""> <td bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" style=3D""> <table width=3D"500" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding= =3D"0" align=3D"center" class=3D"responsive-table" style=3D""> <tr style=3D""> <td align=3D"center" valign=3D"middle" styl= e=3D"font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: 'Lusitana', Garamond,= Baskerville, 'Baskerville Old Face', 'Hoefler Text', 'Times New Roman', se= rif; color:#000000; padding: 10px 20px 0px 20px;" height=3D"2" bgcolor=3D"#= ffffff"> <a href=3D"http://links.gatesnotes.com/= c/7/eyJhaSI6NjE1MzA2NDYsImUiOiJ3aW56YXdteW9odGV0QHVta24uZWR1Lm1tIiwicmkiOiJ= jb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMT= E4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyIiwicnEiOiIwMi1iMjMzMjAtY2ExMzRiOTcxNDc5NDVmZjlkMzg5Y= 2M4MzEwZmRmNmEiLCJwaCI6bnVsbCwibSI6ZmFsc2UsInVpIjoiMiIsInVuIjoiIiwidSI6Imh0= dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXNub3QuZXMvM01Mcm9qRj9fY2xkZWU9UndWVmh6TGRxSDNsLXN6Qm8ybUx0OS0= teXpaTG1BajVXejZBY29pZWl4UHlnRGRjQzBfTVRUUjRNTEZXY0hWbSZyZWNpcGllbnRpZD1jb2= 50YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4M= DJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyJmVzaWQ9YzRkYTQxODctYmM4NC1lZTExLTgxNzktMDAwZDNhMzY3NTE4= In0/i2vuE6RTvR6DADjKeemN_w" style=3D"text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer= ;"><img alt=3D"Bill Gates and Yejin Choi during podcast recording" src=3D"h= ttps://assets.gatesnotes.com/8a5ac0b3-6095-00af-c50a-89056fbe4642/6a72cfbe-= 1713-40f9-a66f-ceb99cdf2bfe/UnconfuseMe_2023_Ep5_Insider-Email_500x281.jpg"= style=3D"max-width: 500px; max-height: 420px;" width=3D"100%"></a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- Byline --> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#ffffff"> <table width=3D"500" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding= =3D"0" align=3D"center" class=3D"responsive-table"> <tr> <td align=3D"left" valign=3D"middle" style= =3D"font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Georgia,Times,serif; c= olor:#000000; padding: 20px 20px 25px 20px" height=3D"2" bgcolor=3D"#ffffff= "> <a href=3D"http://links.gatesnotes.com/= c/7/eyJhaSI6NjE1MzA2NDYsImUiOiJ3aW56YXdteW9odGV0QHVta24uZWR1Lm1tIiwicmkiOiJ= jb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMT= E4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyIiwicnEiOiIwMi1iMjMzMjAtY2ExMzRiOTcxNDc5NDVmZjlkMzg5Y= 2M4MzEwZmRmNmEiLCJwaCI6bnVsbCwibSI6ZmFsc2UsInVpIjoiMyIsInVuIjoiIiwidSI6Imh0= dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXNub3QuZXMvM01Mcm9qRj9fY2xkZWU9UndWVmh6TGRxSDNsLXN6Qm8ybUx0OS0= teXpaTG1BajVXejZBY29pZWl4UHlnRGRjQzBfTVRUUjRNTEZXY0hWbSZyZWNpcGllbnRpZD1jb2= 50YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4M= DJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyJmVzaWQ9YzRkYTQxODctYmM4NC1lZTExLTgxNzktMDAwZDNhMzY3NTE4= In0/d7HDwyV9VAFKOePT-UoYvg" style=3D"text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer= ;font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana= , sans-serif !important; color:#000000;">By <span style=3D"font-family: Ari= al, Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif !important; font-weight: 600; color:#000= 000;">Bill Gates </span></a><span style=3D"text-decoration: none; cursor: p= ointer;font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, V= erdana, sans-serif !important; color:#000000;">| November 16, 2023</span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> =09<!-- Paragraph NOT 100% --> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#ffffff"> <table width=3D"500" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding= =3D"0" align=3D"center" class=3D"responsive-table"> <tr> <td align=3D"left" valign=3D"middle" style= =3D"font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: 'Lusitana', Garamond, = Baskerville, 'Baskerville Old Face', 'Hoefler Text', 'Times New Roman', ser= if; color:#000000; padding: 0px 20px 10px 20px" height=3D"2" bgcolor=3D"#ff= ffff"> =09=09=09=09=09 I=E2=80=99ve spent a <em>lot</em> of 2023 thinking, reading= , and talking about artificial intelligence. While some of its capabilities= are shockingly impressive, its occasionally baffling behavior poses lots o= f questions about the science behind it. How does it work? Why is it easier= for machines to mimic human thinking than human movement? Is the race towa= rds larger AI models the right approach, or are there better paths forward?= And what=E2=80=99s next on the horizon? </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- Paragraph NOT 100% --> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#ffffff"> <table width=3D"500" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding= =3D"0" align=3D"center" class=3D"responsive-table"> <tr> <td align=3D"left" valign=3D"middle" style= =3D"font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: 'Lusitana', Garamond, = Baskerville, 'Baskerville Old Face', 'Hoefler Text', 'Times New Roman', ser= if; color:#000000; padding: 0px 20px 10px 20px" height=3D"2" bgcolor=3D"#ff= ffff">To talk through these answers and more, I sat down with Yejin Choi fo= r <a href=3D"http://links.gatesnotes.com/c/7/eyJhaSI6NjE1MzA2NDYsImUiOiJ3aW= 56YXdteW9odGV0QHVta24uZWR1Lm1tIiwicmkiOiJjb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4Y= zYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyIiwicnEiOiIw= Mi1iMjMzMjAtY2ExMzRiOTcxNDc5NDVmZjlkMzg5Y2M4MzEwZmRmNmEiLCJwaCI6bnVsbCwibSI= 6ZmFsc2UsInVpIjoiNCIsInVuIjoiIiwidSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXNub3QuZXMvM01Mcm9qRj= 9fY2xkZWU9UndWVmh6TGRxSDNsLXN6Qm8ybUx0OS0teXpaTG1BajVXejZBY29pZWl4UHlnRGRjQ= zBfTVRUUjRNTEZXY0hWbSZyZWNpcGllbnRpZD1jb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYy= MDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyJmVzaWQ9YzRkYTQ= xODctYmM4NC1lZTExLTgxNzktMDAwZDNhMzY3NTE4In0/1js8-aRMyoKNJ3zDfCZ9_Q" target= =3D"_blank">the latest episode of <em>Unconfuse Me</em></a>. Few people are= better at explaining the science of artificial intelligence than she is. S= he=E2=80=99s a computer science professor at the University of Washington, = senior resource manager at the Allen Institute for AI, and the recipient of= a MacArthur Fellowship. I thought her <a href=3D"http://links.gatesnotes.c= om/c/7/eyJhaSI6NjE1MzA2NDYsImUiOiJ3aW56YXdteW9odGV0QHVta24uZWR1Lm1tIiwicmki= OiJjb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDR= mMTE4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyIiwicnEiOiIwMi1iMjMzMjAtY2ExMzRiOTcxNDc5NDVmZjlkMz= g5Y2M4MzEwZmRmNmEiLCJwaCI6bnVsbCwibSI6ZmFsc2UsInVpIjoiNSIsInVuIjoiIiwidSI6I= mh0dHBzOi8vYi1nYXQuZXMvM1NFTkR2aj9fY2xkZWU9UndWVmh6TGRxSDNsLXN6Qm8ybUx0OS0t= eXpaTG1BajVXejZBY29pZWl4UHlnRGRjQzBfTVRUUjRNTEZXY0hWbSZyZWNpcGllbnRpZD1jb25= 0YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4MD= JlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyJmVzaWQ9YzRkYTQxODctYmM4NC1lZTExLTgxNzktMDAwZDNhMzY3NTE4I= n0/M4MPtCpvF7o9zri5Yr2XhA" target=3D"_blank">TED Talk </a>earlier this year= was incredibly informative. </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- Paragraph NOT 100% --> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#ffffff"> <table width=3D"500" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding= =3D"0" align=3D"center" class=3D"responsive-table"> <tr> <td align=3D"left" valign=3D"middle" style= =3D"font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: 'Lusitana', Garamond, = Baskerville, 'Baskerville Old Face', 'Hoefler Text', 'Times New Roman', ser= if; color:#000000; padding: 0px 20px 10px 20px" height=3D"2" bgcolor=3D"#ff= ffff"> =09=09=09=09I felt the same way after chatting with Yejin in person. Over t= he course of our conversation, we talked about how to train a large languag= e model, why it=E2=80=99s so hard for robots to pick tools out of a box, an= d the role universities should play in the future of AI research. Like all = my previous guests, she also brought a record to play=E2=80=94a song called= =E2=80=9CVirtual Insanity=E2=80=9D (fitting for a back-and-forth on AI) th= at she used to listen to while working for Microsoft in the early 2000s. </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- Paragraph NOT 100% --> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#ffffff"> <table width=3D"500" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding= =3D"0" align=3D"center" class=3D"responsive-table"> <tr> <td align=3D"left" valign=3D"middle" style= =3D"font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: 'Lusitana', Garamond, = Baskerville, 'Baskerville Old Face', 'Hoefler Text', 'Times New Roman', ser= if; color:#000000; padding: 0px 20px 10px 20px" height=3D"2" bgcolor=3D"#ff= ffff">I hope you=E2=80=99ll check this episode out. You can find it=E2=80= =94and catch up on any episode of <em>Unconfuse Me</em> you might have miss= ed=E2=80=94on <a href=3D"http://links.gatesnotes.com/c/7/eyJhaSI6NjE1MzA2ND= YsImUiOiJ3aW56YXdteW9odGV0QHVta24uZWR1Lm1tIiwicmkiOiJjb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkN= DY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUy= IiwicnEiOiIwMi1iMjMzMjAtY2ExMzRiOTcxNDc5NDVmZjlkMzg5Y2M4MzEwZmRmNmEiLCJwaCI= 6bnVsbCwibSI6ZmFsc2UsInVpIjoiNiIsInVuIjoiIiwidSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYi1nYXQuZXMvM3= N0ZkhZMT9fY2xkZWU9UndWVmh6TGRxSDNsLXN6Qm8ybUx0OS0teXpaTG1BajVXejZBY29pZWl4U= HlnRGRjQzBfTVRUUjRNTEZXY0hWbSZyZWNpcGllbnRpZD1jb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVj= MTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyJmVzaWQ= 9YzRkYTQxODctYmM4NC1lZTExLTgxNzktMDAwZDNhMzY3NTE4In0/MNbu5E80jLNpPfEvTSX0jw= " target=3D"_blank">Spotify</a>, <a href=3D"http://links.gatesnotes.com/c/7= /eyJhaSI6NjE1MzA2NDYsImUiOiJ3aW56YXdteW9odGV0QHVta24uZWR1Lm1tIiwicmkiOiJjb2= 50YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4M= DJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyIiwicnEiOiIwMi1iMjMzMjAtY2ExMzRiOTcxNDc5NDVmZjlkMzg5Y2M4= MzEwZmRmNmEiLCJwaCI6bnVsbCwibSI6ZmFsc2UsInVpIjoiNyIsInVuIjoiIiwidSI6Imh0dHB= zOi8vYi1nYXQuZXMvM0cyWnIyVj9fY2xkZWU9UndWVmh6TGRxSDNsLXN6Qm8ybUx0OS0teXpaTG= 1BajVXejZBY29pZWl4UHlnRGRjQzBfTVRUUjRNTEZXY0hWbSZyZWNpcGllbnRpZD1jb250YWN0L= TA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4MDJlZjgx= NGJjYTM2YmUyJmVzaWQ9YzRkYTQxODctYmM4NC1lZTExLTgxNzktMDAwZDNhMzY3NTE4In0/dQQ= kuZnXGGHhprtRQkPmPg" target=3D"_blank">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href=3D"http:= //links.gatesnotes.com/c/7/eyJhaSI6NjE1MzA2NDYsImUiOiJ3aW56YXdteW9odGV0QHVt= a24uZWR1Lm1tIiwicmkiOiJjb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzY= yLTVjZDhmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyIiwicnEiOiIwMi1iMjMzMjAtY2ExMz= RiOTcxNDc5NDVmZjlkMzg5Y2M4MzEwZmRmNmEiLCJwaCI6bnVsbCwibSI6ZmFsc2UsInVpIjoiO= CIsInVuIjoiIiwidSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYi1nYXQuZXMvNDdqZ2NUdT9fY2xkZWU9UndWVmh6TGRx= SDNsLXN6Qm8ybUx0OS0teXpaTG1BajVXejZBY29pZWl4UHlnRGRjQzBfTVRUUjRNTEZXY0hWbSZ= yZWNpcGllbnRpZD1jb250YWN0LTA0MTI0Y2NkNDY0MWVjMTE4YzYyMDAwZDNhMzRlNzYyLTVjZD= hmMzE5YTI5NDRmMTE4MDJlZjgxNGJjYTM2YmUyJmVzaWQ9YzRkYTQxODctYmM4NC1lZTExLTgxN= zktMDAwZDNhMzY3NTE4In0/Sm9wC3-OD8n99-OsQmePJg" target=3D"_blank">YouTube</a= >, or wherever you get your podcasts.=20 </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- Paragraph NOT 100% --> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#ffffff"> <table width=3D"500" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding= =3D"0" align=3D"center" class=3D"responsive-table"> <tr> <td align=3D"left" valign=3D"middle" style= =3D"font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: 'Lusitana', Garamond, = Baskerville, 'Baskerville Old Face', 'Hoefler Text', 'Times New Roman', ser= if; color:#000000; padding: 0px 20px 10px 20px" height=3D"2" bgcolor=3D"#ff= ffff"> =09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09Thanks for listening, and thanks for being an In= sider.=20 </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>=09=20 <!-- Signature --> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#ffffff"> <table width=3D"500" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding= =3D"0" align=3D"center" class=3D"responsive-table"> <tr> <td align=3D"left" valign=3D"middle" style= =3D"padding: 10px 20px 40px 20px;" width=3D"150"> <img alt=3D"Bill signature" src=3D"http= s://www.gatesnotes.com/media/GNIN/bill-g_sig_white.gif" style=3D"max-width:= 150px; max-height: 100px" width=3D"150"> </td> <td align=3D"center" valign=3D"middle" styl= e=3D"padding: 10px 20px 15px 20px;"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- Line --> <table border=3D"0" height=3D"1" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width= =3D"100%"> <tr> <td> <table width=3D"560" height=3D"1" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0= " cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center" class=3D"responsive-table"> <tr> <td bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" height=3D"1" style= =3D"margin: 20px 0px 10px 0px; 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